第一节单字调
Section 1: Isolated tones
南部吴语地区37个县市方言单字调系统的基本情况见表4一1。
For the systems of isolated tones of the 37 dialect zones of the Southern Wuyu region, see Table 4-1.
表中各地的调类和调值情况，依据笔者所能看到的最新而比较可靠的资料（因来源众多，这里不一一注明了）。
The table contains each location’s tone categories and contours, which in the author’s view, are the newest and most reliable data (from numerous sources, here the differences are clarified).
方言点后面的数字是调类数，入声调值前面标”？”的表示是短促调，不标”？”的是长调，”／”表示又读。
The numeral after the dialect location is the tone count. The “?” before the IV tones indicates a short tone; the ones without a “?” are long tones. The “/” indicates alternate pronunciations.
1．调类
Tone classes
由表4一1可见，南部吴语比较完好地保留了”四声八调”的调类系统。
As can be seen in Table 4-1, Southern Wuyu has fairly completely maintained the “4 categories, 8 tones” tone system.
调类数目在6-8个之间（但金华小黄村有9个调类，磐安中年以下的人只有5个调类，详下），以8个为最普遍，在37个地点中有26点为8个调类，占70。
The tone counts are between 6 and 8 (though Jinhua’s Xiaohuang Village has 8 tones, and Pan’an speakers under middle age have only 5 tones). We can take 8 as the most common, since among the 37 locations, 26 of them (70%) have 8 tones.
古平、去声各地均按古声母清浊分为阴阳两类，古上、入声多数地区也按古声母清浊分为阴阳两类，少数地区古浊上、清入、浊入发生了新的分化合并，金华地区相对来说调类简化的速度比较快，详见下文。
Ancient I and III are divided into registers according the ancient onset voicing. Ancient II and IV are in most places also divided into registers according the ancient onset voicing, and in a few locations, a new split occurred in the ancient voiced II, voiceless IV or voiced IV syllables. Jinhua Region tone classes have simplified at a relatively fast rate, as detailed below.
2．调值
Tone pitches
南部吴语在调值方面具有如下几个特点：
As far as tone pitches, Southern Wuyu possesses the following characteristics:
(1)基本上保持了”阴高阳低”的调值格局。
The “high A, low B” register pitch structure is generally maintained.
只是在少数古全浊声母发生清化的方言里，出现了个别”阳高阴低”的现象，例如庆元阴平[334]，阳平［52]；泰顺阴平［213]，阳平〔53]；浦城阴上［44]，阳上［54]。
But in a few dialects that underwent obstruent devoicing, there occurred phenomena that do not follow the “high A, low B” pattern, such as Qingyuan’s IA [334] and IB [52], Taishun’s IA [213] and IB [53], and Pucheng’s IIA [44] and IIB [54].
(2)阴上（或上声）调多为高调，在一些方言里并有紧喉现象。
The IIA (or II) tone is high tone, and in a few dialects, it also has laryngealization.
例如，温州阴上［45］、阳上［34］都带紧喉成分；青田阴上［354］、阳上［243］调域很高，而且紧喉；文成阴上［454］高而短，并带紧喉色彩；衢州、龙游阴上［45］比较紧而短促。
For example, Wenzhou IIA [45] and IIB [34] carry creaky phonation. Qingtian IIA [354] and IIB [243] have high pitch ranges and also creaky phonation. Wencheng IIA [454] is high and short, and also carries creaky coloring. Quzhou and Longyou IIA [45] is fairly creaky and short.
(3)入声在温州地区泰顺除外全部读为长调；在金华地区，除了金华、兰溪、武义等地仍不同程度地保留短促调以外，或读长调，或合入其他舒声调；络云、龙泉、浦城也读长调（龙泉的阴入潘悟云先生记作［5］,但不带喉塞）。
In Wenzhou Region except for Taishun, IV is pronounced as a long tone. In Jinhua Region except for Jinhua, Lanxi, Wuyi, etc, which to different degrees still maintain short tones, category IV are either pronounced as a long tones or merged with other tones. Laoyun, Longyou, and Pucheng also have long tones. (Pan Wuyun records Longquan’s IVA as [5], but without a glottal stop).
在其余地区（主要是衢州、上饶、丽水地区），入声仍读短促调，带喉塞尾，其中阴入调一般为高短调，阳入调一般为短促的低升调或低降升调。
In the other regions (mainly Quzhou, Shangrao, and Lishui regions), IV tones are still pronounced as short tones, with a glottal stop. Among them, IVA is generally high and short, and IVB is generally a short low rising or short low falling tone.
(4)升降调比较常见，表4一1中共出现17次，有些方言记作其他调型（主要是升调）的调值实际读音也接近升降调，例如磐安阳去［14］接近［143］，遂昌阳平［221］和庆元阳上［221］有时为［231］。
Rising tones are relatively common, appearing 17 times in Table 4-1. Some dialects are recorded as having other contours (primarily rising tones) which are actually close to rising-falling tones. For example, Pan’an’s IIIB [14] is close to [143], and Suichang’s IB [221] and Qingyuan’s IIB [221] are sometimes [231].
从总体上看，大约每两个地点中有一个升降调。
Overall, approximately every two locations have one rising-falling tone.
(5)温州地区除泰顺以外，单字调（据郑张尚芳先生告知，还包括连读调）的调值系统相当一致。这种一致性在南部吴语的其他地区完全看不到。
The citation tone contours of Wenzhou Region, except for Taishun, (according to Zhengzhang Shangfang’s information, the sandhi tones are included) are completely identical. This kind of uniformity is completely unseen in other regions.

表4-1 南部吴语单字调
Table 4-1. Southern Wuyu isolated tones

清平 浊平 清上 次浊上 全浊上 清去 浊去 清入 浊入
金华7 阴平334 阳平313 阴上535 ＝阴上 ＝阴上 阴去55 阳去14 阴入?4 阳人?212
汤溪7 阴平24 阳平11 阴上535 阳上113 ＝阳上 阴去52 阳去341 阴入55 ＝阳上
兰溪7 阴平33 阳平21 阴上534 ＝阴上 ＝阴上 阴去45 阳去24 阴入?34 阳人？12
浦江8 阴平33 阳平213 阴上53 阳上31 ＝阳上 阴去445 阳去13 阴入334 阳入223
义乌6 阴平33 阳平213 阴上53 阳上31 ＝阳上 阴去55 阳去13 ＝阴平 ＝阳平
东阳8 阴平33 阳平113 阴上55 阳上22 ＝阳上 阴去53 阳去13 阴入434 阳人212
磐安6 阴平445 阳平213 阴上434 ＝阴上 阳上244 阴去52 阳去14 ＝阴上 ＝阳平
永康6 阴平44 阳平22 阴上35 阳上13 ＝阳上 阴去52 阳去241/24 ＝阴上 ＝阳上
武义8 阴平24 阳平213 阴上55 阳上13 ＝阳上 阴去53 阳去31 阴入?5 阳入n12
衙州7 阴平434 阳平323 阴上45 阴去阳去 ＝阳去 阴去53 阳去231 阴人?5 阳入？12
龙游8 阴平434 阳平21 阴上45 阳上213 ＝阳上 阴去52 阳去231 阴人？5 阳入?23
开化7 阴平45 阳平341 阴上53 阴上阳去 ＝阳去 阴去423 阳去212 阴入?5 阳入?24
常山8 阴平45 阳平341 阴上52 阳上24 ＝阳上 阴去423 阳去212 阴入乃 阳人?34
江山8 阴平44 阳平313 阴上343 阳上33 ＝阳上 阴去52 阳去31 阴人?5 阳入乃
上饶8 阴平55 阳平312 阴上53 阳上31 ＝阳上 阴去523 阳去212 阴入？5 阳入乃
广丰8 阴平445 阳平231 阴上52 阳上214 ＝阳上 阴去424 阳去223 阴入？?5 阳人?23
玉山8 阴平33 阳平24 阴上45 阳上22 ＝阳上 阴去52 阳去31 阴入乃 阳入?23
丽水7 阴平24 阳平n 阴上544 ＝阴上 ＝阳平 阴去52 阳去231 阴入？?5 阳人?23
遂昌8 阴平55 阳平221 阴上52 阳上13 ＝阳上 阴去334 阳去212 阴人朽 阳人?23
松阳8 阴平51 阳平31 阴上214 阳上22 ＝阳上 阴去35 阳去13 阴入乃 阳人?2
宣平8 阴平24 阳平323 阴上44 阳上223 ＝阳上 阴去53 阳去31 阴人朽 阳入刀
婿云8 阴平334 阳平231 阴上53 阳上31 ＝阳上 阴去554 阳去213 阴入423 阳入35
青田8 阴平334 阳平211 阴上354 阳上243 ＝阳上 阴去33 阳去22 阴入?43 阳入?32
云和8 阴平324 阳平423 阴上53 ＝阴上 阳上21 阴去55 阳去223 阴入乃 阳入?24
景宁8 阴平423 阳平312 阴上33 阳上31 二阳上 阴去45 阳去13 阴人朽 阳入?23
龙泉7 阴平335 阳平211 阴上52 ＝阴上 ＝阴上 阴去44 阳去113 阴入54 阳人23
庆元8 阴平334 阳平52 阴上33 阳上221 ＝阳上 阴去n 阳去31 阴入朽 阳人?34
温州8 阴平44 阳平31 阴上45 阳上34 ＝阳上 阴去42 阳去22 阴人323 阳入212
永嘉8 阴平44 阳平31 阴上454 阳上243 ＝阳上 阴去42 阳去22 阴人34 阳入213
乐清8 阴平44 阳平31 阴上45 阳上24 二阳上 阴去42 阳去22 阴入323 阳人212
瑞安8 阴平44 阳平31 阴上54 阳上243 ＝阳上 阴去42 阳去22 阴入34 阳人213
洞头8 阴平44 阳平31 阴上45 阳上34 ＝阳上 阴去42 阳去22 阴入323 阳入212
平阳8 阴平44 阳平31 阴上54 ＝阴上 阳上243 阴去42 阳去22 阴入34 阳入213
苍南8 阴平44 阳平21 阴上54 ＝阴上 阳上45 阴去42 阳去22 阴入24 阳人213
文成8 阴平445 阳平113 阴上454 阳上324 二阳上 阴去334 阳去313 阴人24 阳入213
泰顺8 阴平213 5 阴上344 ＝阴上 阳上31 阴去35 阳去22 阴入25 阳人左
浦城7 阴平35 阳平 阴上44 阳上54 阳上阳去 阴去423 阳去21 入声32 人声